@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ As we do not directly need this claim, we omit the proof. However, in the next s
$S(n)$ plays a another special role: maps from $S(n)$ to some cochain complex $X$ correspond directly to elements in the kernel of $\restr{d}{X^n}$. Any such map is null-homotopic precisely when the corresponding elements in the kernel is a coboundary. So there is a natural isomorphism: $\Hom(S(n), X)/{\simeq}\iso H^n(X)$.
$S(n)$ plays a another special role: maps from $S(n)$ to some cochain complex $X$ correspond directly to elements in the kernel of $\restr{d}{X^n}$. Any such map is null-homotopic precisely when the corresponding elements in the kernel is a coboundary. So there is a natural isomorphism: $\Hom(S(n), X)/{\simeq}\iso H^n(X)$.
By using the free cdga functor we can turn these cochain complexes into cdga's $\Lambda(D(n))$ and $\Lambda(S(n))$. So $\Lambda(D(n))$ consists of linear combinations of $b^k$ and $c b^k$ when $n$ is even, and it consists of linear combinations of $c^k b$ and $c^k$ when $n$ is odd. In both cases we can compute the differentials using the Leibniz rule:
By using the free cdga functor we can turn these cochain complexes into cdga's $\LambdaD(n)$ and $\LambdaS(n)$. So $\LambdaD(n)$ consists of linear combinations of $b^k$ and $c b^k$ when $n$ is even, and it consists of linear combinations of $c^k b$ and $c^k$ when $n$ is odd. In both cases we can compute the differentials using the Leibniz rule:
$$ d(b^k)= k \cdot c b^{k-1}$$
$$ d(b^k)= k \cdot c b^{k-1}$$
$$ d(c b^k)=0$$
$$ d(c b^k)=0$$
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Those cocycles are in fact coboundaries (using that $\k$ is a field of character
$$ c b^k =\frac{1}{k} d(b^{k+1})$$
$$ c b^k =\frac{1}{k} d(b^{k+1})$$
$$ c^k = d(b c^{k-1})$$
$$ c^k = d(b c^{k-1})$$
There are no additional cocycles in $\Lambda(D(n))$ besides the constants and $c$. So we conclude that $\Lambda(D(n))$ is acyclic as an algebra. In other words $\Lambda(j_n): \k\to\Lambda D(n)$ is a quasi isomorphism.
There are no additional cocycles in $\LambdaD(n)$ besides the constants and $c$. So we conclude that $\LambdaD(n)$ is acyclic as an algebra. In other words $\Lambda(j_n): \k\to\Lambda D(n)$ is a quasi isomorphism.
The situation for $\Lambda S(n)$ is easier as it has only one generator (as algebra). For even $n$ this means it is given by polynomials in $a$. For odd $n$ it is an exterior algebra, meaning $a^2=0$. Again the sets $\Lambda(I)=\{\Lambda(i_n) : \Lambda S(n+1)\to\Lambda D(n)\I n \in\N\}$ and $\Lambda(J)=\{\Lambda(j_n) : \k\to\Lambda D(n)\I n \in\N\}$ play an important role.
The situation for $\Lambda S(n)$ is easier as it has only one generator (as algebra). For even $n$ this means it is given by polynomials in $a$. For odd $n$ it is an exterior algebra, meaning $a^2=0$. Again the sets $\Lambda(I)=\{\Lambda(i_n) : \Lambda S(n+1)\to\Lambda D(n)\I n \in\N\}$ and $\Lambda(J)=\{\Lambda(j_n) : \k\to\Lambda D(n)\I n \in\N\}$ play an important role.
@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ The situation for $\Lambda S(n)$ is easier as it has only one generator (as alge
We will prove this theorem in the next section. Note that the functors $\Lambda$ and $U$ thus form a Quillen pair with this model structure.
We will prove this theorem in the next section. Note that the functors $\Lambda$ and $U$ thus form a Quillen pair with this model structure.
\subsection{Why we need $\Char{\k}=0$ for algebras}
\subsection{Why we need $\Char{\k}=0$ for algebras}
The above Quillen pair $(\Lambda, U)$ fails to be a Quillen pair if $\Char{\k}= p \neq0$. We will show this by proving that the maps $\Lambda(j_n)$ are not weak equivalences for even $n$. Consider $b^p \in D(n)$, then by the Leibniz rule:
The above Quillen pair $(\Lambda, U)$ fails to be a Quillen pair if $\Char{\k}= p \neq0$. We will show this by proving that the maps $\Lambda(j_n)$ are not weak equivalences for even $n$. Consider $b^p \in\LambdaD(n)$, then by the Leibniz rule:
$$ d(b^p)= p \cdot c b^{p-1}=0. $$
$$ d(b^p)= p \cdot c b^{p-1}=0. $$
So $b^p$ is a cocycle. Now assume $b^p = d x$ for some $x$ of degree $p n -1$, then $x$ contains a factor $c$ for degree reasons. By the calculations above we see that any element containing $c$ has a trivial differential or has a factor $c$ in its differential, contradicting $b^p = d x$. So this cocycle is not a coboundary and $\Lambda D(n)$ is not acyclic.
So $b^p$ is a cocycle. Now assume $b^p = d x$ for some $x$ of degree $p n -1$, then $x$ contains a factor $c$ for degree reasons. By the calculations above we see that any element containing $c$ has a trivial differential or has a factor $c$ in its differential, contradicting $b^p = d x$. So this cocycle is not a coboundary and $\Lambda D(n)$ is not acyclic.