diff --git a/thesis/notes/Serre.tex b/thesis/notes/Serre.tex index b283da1..63bc203 100644 --- a/thesis/notes/Serre.tex +++ b/thesis/notes/Serre.tex @@ -188,10 +188,35 @@ For the main theorem we need the following construction. \todo{referentie} and tensor this sequence with $\Q$. In this tensored sequence the kernel and cokernel vanish if and only if $f \tensor \Q$ is an isomorphism. } -\Corollary{serre-whitehead}{ - (Rational Whitehead Theorem) - Let $f: X \to Y$ be a map between $1$-connected spaces such that $\pi_2(f)$ is surjective. - Then $f$ is a rational equivalence $\iff$ $H_i(f; \Q)$ is an isomorphism for all $i$. +Combining this lemma and \TheoremRef{serre-hurewicz} we get the following corollary for rational homotopy theory: + +\Corollary{rational-hurewicz}{ + (Rational Hurewicz Theorem) + Let $X$ be a $1$-connected space. If $\pi_i(X) \tensor \Q = 0$ for all $i < n$, then $H_i(X; \Q) = 0$ for all $i < n$. Furthermore we have an isomorphism for all $i \leq n$: + $$ \pi_i(X) \tensor \Q \tot{\iso} H_i(X; \Q) $$ } -\todo{Voeg het trucje uit Felix toe om ``$\pi_2(f)$ surjectief'' te omzeilen} +\TheoremRef{serre-whitehead} also applies verbatim to rational homotopy theory. However we would like to avoid the assumption that $\pi_2(f)$ is surjective. In \cite{felix} we find a way to work around this. + +\Corollary{rational-whitehead}{ + (Rational Whitehead Theorem) + Let $f: X \to Y$ be a map between $1$-connected spaces. + Then $f$ is a rational equivalence $\iff$ $H_\ast(f; \Q)$ is an isomorphism. +} +\Proof{ + We will replace $f$ by some $f_1$ which is surjective on $\pi_2$. First consider $\Gamma = \pi_2(Y) / \im(\pi_2(f))$ and its Eilenberg-MacLane space $K = K(\Gamma, 2)$. There is a map $q : Y \to K$ inducing the projection map $\pi_2(q) : \pi_2(Y) \to \Gamma$. + + We can factor $q$ as + \[\xymatrix @=0.4cm{ + Y \arwe[rr]^-\lambda \ar[dr]_-q & & Y \times_K MK \arfib[dl]^-{\overline{q}} \\ + & K & + } \] + Now $\overline{q} \lambda f$ is homotopic to the constant map, so there is a homotopy $h: \overline{q} \lambda f \eq \ast$ which we can lift against the fibration $\overline{q}$ to $h' : \lambda f \eq f_1$ with $\overline{q} f_1 = \ast$. In other words $f_1$ lands in the fiber of $\overline{q}$. + + We get a commuting square when applying $\pi_2$: + \[ \xymatrix{ + \pi_2(X) \ar[r]^-{\pi_2(f_1)} \ar[d]^{\pi_2(f)} & \pi_2(Y \times_K PK) \ar[d]^{\pi_2(i)} \\ + \pi_2(Y) \ar[r]^-{\iso} & \pi_2(Y \times_K MK) + } \] + The important observation is that by the long exact sequence $\pi_\ast(i) \tensor \Q$ and $H_\ast(i; \Q)$ are isomorphisms (here we use that $\Gamma \tensor \Q = 0$ and that tensoring with $\Q$ is exact). So by the above square $\pi_\ast(f_1) \tensor \Q$ is an isomorphism if and only if $\pi_\ast(f) \tensor \Q$ is (and similarly for homology). Finally we note that $\pi_2(f_1)$ is surjective, so \TheoremRef{serre-whitehead} applies and the result also holds for $f$. +}