diff --git a/thesis/notes/Serre.tex b/thesis/notes/Serre.tex index 6b38e77..fe40e03 100644 --- a/thesis/notes/Serre.tex +++ b/thesis/notes/Serre.tex @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Note that the map $0 \to C$ is a $\C$-iso for any $C \in \C$. \todo{Add some stu and tensor this sequence with $\Q$. In this tensored sequence the kernel and cokernel vanish if and only if $f \tensor \Q$ is an isomorphism. } -The following lemma is usually proven with spectral sequences \cite[Ch. 2 Thm 1]{serre}. However in \cite{kreck} we find a more elementary proof using cellular homology. +In the following arguments we will consider fibrations and need to compute homology thereof. Unfortunately there is no long exact sequence for homology of a fibration, however the following lemma expresses something similar. It is usually proven with spectral sequences, \cite[Ch. 2 Thm 1]{serre}. However in \cite{kreck} we find a more elementary proof using cellular homology. \Lemma{kreck}{ Let $\C$ be a Serre class. Let $p: E \fib B$ be a fibration between $1$-connected spaces and $F$ its fibre. If $\RH_i(F) \in \C$ for all $i < n$, then @@ -76,24 +76,37 @@ The following lemma is usually proven with spectral sequences \cite[Ch. 2 Thm 1] \cimage[scale=0.5]{Kreck_Exact_Sequence} The morphism in the middle is a $\C$-iso by induction. We will prove that the left morphism is a $\C$-iso which implies by the five lemma that the right morphism is one as well. + + \todo{finish proof} +} + +\Lemma{homology-em-space}{ + Let $\C$ be a Serre class and $C \in \C$. Then for all $n > 0$ and all $i$ we have $\RH_i(K(C, n)) \in \C$. +} +\Proof{ + We prove this by induction on $n$. The base case $n = 1$ follows from group homology. + + For the induction we can use the loop space and \LemmaRef{kreck}. + + \todo{finish proof} } \Theorem{absolute-serre-hurewicz}{ (Absolute Serre-Hurewicz Theorem) - Let $\C$ be a Serre class of abelian groups. Let $X$ a $1$-connected space. + Let $\C$ be a Serre class. Let $X$ a $1$-connected space. If $\pi_i(X) \in C$ for all $i 0$. Apply \LemmaRef{kreck} to obtain a $\C$-iso $H_i(X(j+1)) \to H_i(X(j))$ for all $j < n$ and all $i > 0$. This proves the claim. + Note that $X(j+1) \fib X(j)$ is a fibration with $F = K(\pi_j(X), j-1)$ as its fibre. So by \LemmaRef{homology-em-space} we know $H_i(F) \in \C$ for all $i$. Apply \LemmaRef{kreck} to obtain a $\C$-iso $H_i(X(j+1)) \to H_i(X(j))$ for all $j < n$ and all $i > 0$. This proves the claim. - Considering this claim for all $j < n$ gives a chain of $\C$-isos $H_i(X(n)) \to H_i(X(n-1)) \to \cdot \to H_i(X(2)) \iso H_i(X)$ for all $i \leq n$. Consider the following diagram: + Considering this claim for all $j < n$ gives a chain of $\C$-isos $H_i(X(n)) \to H_i(X(n-1)) \to \cdot \to H_i(X(2)) = H_i(X)$ for all $i \leq n$. Consider the following diagram: \cimage[scale=0.5]{Serre_Hurewicz_Square} @@ -104,15 +117,34 @@ The following lemma is usually proven with spectral sequences \cite[Ch. 2 Thm 1] \Theorem{relative-serre-hurewicz}{ (Relative Serre-Hurewicz Theorem) - Let $\C$ be a Serre class of abelian groups. Let $A \subset X$ be $1$-connected spaces ($A \neq \emptyset$). + Let $\C$ be a Serre class. Let $A \subset X$ be $1$-connected spaces such that $\pi_2(A) \to \pi_2(B)$ is surjective. If $\pi_i(X, A) \in \C$ for all $i