Browse Source

Some small fixups

master
Joshua Moerman 11 years ago
parent
commit
e07833d40b
  1. 2
      thesis/notes/CDGA_Basic_Examples.tex
  2. 4
      thesis/notes/CDGA_Of_Polynomials.tex
  3. 12
      thesis/notes/Free_CDGA.tex
  4. 10
      thesis/notes/Minimal_Models.tex
  5. 5
      thesis/preamble.tex
  6. 3
      thesis/style.tex
  7. 10
      thesis/thesis.tex

2
thesis/notes/CDGA_Basic_Examples.tex

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
\subsection{Cochain models for the $n$-disk and $n$-sphere} \section{Cochain models for the $n$-disk and $n$-sphere}
We will first define some basic cochain complexes which model the $n$-disk and $n$-sphere. $D(n)$ is the cochain complex generated by one element $b \in D(n)^n$ and its differential $c = d(b) \in D(n)^{n+1}$. $S(n)$ is the cochain complex generated by one element $a \in S(n)^n$ which differential vanishes (i.e. $da = 0$). In other words: We will first define some basic cochain complexes which model the $n$-disk and $n$-sphere. $D(n)$ is the cochain complex generated by one element $b \in D(n)^n$ and its differential $c = d(b) \in D(n)^{n+1}$. $S(n)$ is the cochain complex generated by one element $a \in S(n)^n$ which differential vanishes (i.e. $da = 0$). In other words:
$$ D(n) = ... \to 0 \to \k \to \k \to 0 \to ... $$ $$ D(n) = ... \to 0 \to \k \to \k \to 0 \to ... $$

4
thesis/notes/CDGA_Of_Polynomials.tex

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
\subsection{CDGA of Polynomials} \section{CDGA of Polynomials}
\newcommand{\Apl}[0]{{A_{PL}}} \newcommand{\Apl}[0]{{A_{PL}}}
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ We will now give a cdga model for the $n$-simplex $\Delta^n$. This then allows f
\begin{definition} \begin{definition}
For all $n \in \N$ define the following cdga: For all $n \in \N$ define the following cdga:
$$ (\Apl)_n = \frac{\Lambda(x_0, \ldots, x_n, dx_0, \ldots, dx_n)}{(\sum_{i=0}^n) x_i - 1, \sum_{i=0}^n dx_i)} $$ $$ (\Apl)_n = \frac{\Lambda(x_0, \ldots, x_n, dx_0, \ldots, dx_n)}{(\sum_{i=0}^n x_i - 1, \sum_{i=0}^n dx_i)} $$
So it is the free cdga with $n+1$ generators and their differentials such that $\sum_{i=0}^n x_i = 1$ and in order to be well behaved $\sum_{i=0}^n dx_i = 0$. So it is the free cdga with $n+1$ generators and their differentials such that $\sum_{i=0}^n x_i = 1$ and in order to be well behaved $\sum_{i=0}^n dx_i = 0$.
\end{definition} \end{definition}

12
thesis/notes/Free_CDGA.tex

@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ Note that this construction is functorial and it is free in the following sense.
\begin{corollary} \begin{corollary}
Let $U$ be the forgetful functor from graded algebras to graded modules, then $T$ and $U$ form an adjoint pair: Let $U$ be the forgetful functor from graded algebras to graded modules, then $T$ and $U$ form an adjoint pair:
$$ T: \grMod{\k} \leftadj \grAlg{\k} $$ $$ T: \grMod{\k} \leftadj \grAlg{\k} :U $$
Moreover it extends and restricts to Moreover it extends and restricts to
$$ T: \dgMod{\k} \leftadj \dgAlg{\k} $$ $$ T: \dgMod{\k} \leftadj \dgAlg{\k} :U $$
$$ T: \CoCh{\k} \leftadj \DGA{\k} $$ $$ T: \CoCh{\k} \leftadj \DGA{\k} :U $$
\end{corollary} \end{corollary}
As with the symmetric algebra and exterior algebra of a vector space, we can turn this graded tensor algebra in a commutative graded algebra. As with the symmetric algebra and exterior algebra of a vector space, we can turn this graded tensor algebra in a commutative graded algebra.
@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ Again this extends to differential graded modules (i.e. the ideal is preserved b
\begin{lemma} \begin{lemma}
We have the following adjunctions: We have the following adjunctions:
$$ \Lambda: \grMod{\k} \leftadj \grAlg{\k}^{comm} $$ $$ \Lambda: \grMod{\k} \leftadj \grAlg{\k}^{comm} :U $$
$$ \Lambda: \dgMod{\k} \leftadj \dgAlg{\k}^{comm} $$ $$ \Lambda: \dgMod{\k} \leftadj \dgAlg{\k}^{comm} :U $$
$$ \Lambda: \CoCh{\k} \leftadj \CDGA_\k $$ $$ \Lambda: \CoCh{\k} \leftadj \CDGA_\k :U $$
\end{lemma} \end{lemma}
We can now easily construct cdga's by specifying generators and their differentials. We can now easily construct cdga's by specifying generators and their differentials.

10
thesis/notes/Minimal_Models.tex

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In this section we will discuss the so called minimal models. These are cdga's w
An cdga $(A, d)$ is a \emph{Sullivan algebra} if An cdga $(A, d)$ is a \emph{Sullivan algebra} if
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item $(A, d)$ is quasi-free (or semi-free), i.e. $A = \Lambda V$ is free as a cdga, and \item $(A, d)$ is quasi-free (or semi-free), i.e. $A = \Lambda V$ is free as a cdga, and
\item $V$ has a filtration $V(0) \subset V(1) \subset \cdots \subset \bigcup{k \in \N} V(k) = V$ such that $d(V(k)) \subset \Lambda V(k-1)$. \item $V$ has a filtration $V(0) \subset V(1) \subset \cdots \subset \bigcup_{k \in \N} V(k) = V$ such that $d(V(k)) \subset \Lambda V(k-1)$.
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
An cdga $(A, d)$ is a \emph{minimal (Sullivan) algebra} if in addition An cdga $(A, d)$ is a \emph{minimal (Sullivan) algebra} if in addition
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The requirement that there exists a filtration can be replaced by a stronger sta
Let $(A, d)$ be a cdga which is $1$-reduced, quasi-free and with a decomposable differential. Then $(A, d)$ is a minimal algebra. Let $(A, d)$ be a cdga which is $1$-reduced, quasi-free and with a decomposable differential. Then $(A, d)$ is a minimal algebra.
\end{lemma} \end{lemma}
\begin{proof} \begin{proof}
Take $V(n) = \bigoplus_{k=0}^n V^k$ (note that $V^0 = v^1 = 0$). Since $d$ is decomposable we see that for $v \in V^n$: $d(v) = x \cdot y$ for some $x, y \in A$. Assuming $dv$ to be non-zero we can compute the degrees: Let $V$ generate $A$. Take $V(n) = \bigoplus_{k=0}^n V^k$ (note that $V^0 = V^1 = 0$). Since $d$ is decomposable we see that for $v \in V^n$: $d(v) = x \cdot y$ for some $x, y \in A$. Assuming $dv$ to be non-zero we can compute the degrees:
$$ \deg{x} + \deg{y} = \deg{xy} = \deg{dv} = \deg{v} + 1 = n + 1. $$ $$ \deg{x} + \deg{y} = \deg{xy} = \deg{dv} = \deg{v} + 1 = n + 1. $$
As $A$ is $1$-reduced we have $\deg{x}, \deg{y} \geq 2$ and so by the above $\deg{x}, \deg{y} \leq n-1$. Conclude that $d(V(k)) \subset \Lambda(V(n-1))$. As $A$ is $1$-reduced we have $\deg{x}, \deg{y} \geq 2$ and so by the above $\deg{x}, \deg{y} \leq n-1$. Conclude that $d(V(k)) \subset \Lambda(V(n-1))$.
\end{proof} \end{proof}
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Before we state the uniqueness theorem we need some more properties of minimal m
\cimage[scale=0.5]{Sullivan_Lifting} \cimage[scale=0.5]{Sullivan_Lifting}
By the left adjointness of $\Lambda$ we only have to specify a map $\phi: V \to X$ sucht that $p \circ \phi = g$. We will do this by induction. By the left adjointness of $\Lambda$ we only have to specify a map $\phi: V \to X$ such that $p \circ \phi = g$. We will do this by induction.
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item Suppose $\{v_\alpha\}$ is a basis for $V(0)$. Define $V(0) \to X$ by choosing preimages $x_\alpha$ such that $p(x_\alpha) = g(v_\alpha)$ ($p$ is surjective). Define $\phi(v_\alpha) = x_\alpha$. \item Suppose $\{v_\alpha\}$ is a basis for $V(0)$. Define $V(0) \to X$ by choosing preimages $x_\alpha$ such that $p(x_\alpha) = g(v_\alpha)$ ($p$ is surjective). Define $\phi(v_\alpha) = x_\alpha$.
\item Suppose $\phi$ has been defined on $V(n)$. Write $V(n+1) = V(n) \oplus V'$ and let $\{v_\alpha\}$ be a basis for $V'$. Then $dv_\alpha \in \Lambda V(n)$, hence $\phi(dv_\alpha)$ is defined and \item Suppose $\phi$ has been defined on $V(n)$. Write $V(n+1) = V(n) \oplus V'$ and let $\{v_\alpha\}$ be a basis for $V'$. Then $dv_\alpha \in \Lambda V(n)$, hence $\phi(dv_\alpha)$ is defined and
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Before we state the uniqueness theorem we need some more properties of minimal m
Let $\phi: (M, d) \we (M', d')$ be a weak equivalence between minimal algebras. Then $\phi$ is an isomorphism. Let $\phi: (M, d) \we (M', d')$ be a weak equivalence between minimal algebras. Then $\phi$ is an isomorphism.
\end{lemma} \end{lemma}
\begin{proof} \begin{proof}
Let $M$ and $M'$ be generated by $V$ and $V'$. Then $\phi$ induces a weak equivalence on the linear part $\phi_0: V \we V'$ \cite[Theorem 1.5.10]{loday}. Since the differentials are decomposable, their linear part vanishes. So we see that $\phi_0: (V, 0) \tot{\iso} (V', 0)$ is an isomorphism. Let $M$ and $M'$ be generated by $V$ and $V'$. Then $\phi$ induces a weak equivalence on the linear part $\phi_0: V \we V'$ \cite[Theorem 1.5.2]{loday}. Since the differentials are decomposable, their linear part vanishes. So we see that $\phi_0: (V, 0) \tot{\iso} (V', 0)$ is an isomorphism.
Conclude that $\phi = \Lambda \phi_0$ is an isomorphism. Conclude that $\phi = \Lambda \phi_0$ is an isomorphism.
\end{proof} \end{proof}
@ -109,5 +109,5 @@ Before we state the uniqueness theorem we need some more properties of minimal m
Let $m: (M, d) \we (A, d)$ and $m': (M', d') \we (A, d)$ be two minimal models. Then there is an isomorphism $\phi (M, d) \tot{\iso} (M', d')$ such that $m' \circ \phi \eq m$. Let $m: (M, d) \we (A, d)$ and $m': (M', d') \we (A, d)$ be two minimal models. Then there is an isomorphism $\phi (M, d) \tot{\iso} (M', d')$ such that $m' \circ \phi \eq m$.
\end{theorem} \end{theorem}
\begin{proof} \begin{proof}
By the previous lemmas we have $[M', M] \iso [M', A]$. By going from right to elft we get a map $\phi: M' \to M$ such that $m' \circ \phi \eq m$. On homology we get $H(m') \circ H(\phi) = H(m)$, proving that (2-out-of-3) $\phi$ is a weak equivalence. The previous lemma states that $\phi$ is then an isomorphism. By the previous lemmas we have $[M', M] \iso [M', A]$. By going from right to left we get a map $\phi: M' \to M$ such that $m' \circ \phi \eq m$. On homology we get $H(m') \circ H(\phi) = H(m)$, proving that (2-out-of-3) $\phi$ is a weak equivalence. The previous lemma states that $\phi$ is then an isomorphism.
\end{proof} \end{proof}

5
thesis/preamble.tex

@ -24,9 +24,6 @@
% Matrices have a upper bound for its size % Matrices have a upper bound for its size
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20} \setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
% Remove trailing `contents` after toc
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{}
% for the fib arrow % for the fib arrow
\usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amssymb}
@ -51,7 +48,7 @@
% Categories % Categories
\newcommand{\Set}{\cat{Set}} % sets \newcommand{\Set}{\cat{Set}} % sets
\newcommand{\Top}{\cat{Top}} % topological spaces \newcommand{\Top}{\cat{Top}} % topological spaces
\newcommand{\DELTA}{\cat{\Delta}} % the simplicial cat \newcommand{\DELTA}{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}% the simplicial cat
\newcommand{\simplicial}[1]{\cat{s{#1}}}% simplicial objects \newcommand{\simplicial}[1]{\cat{s{#1}}}% simplicial objects
\newcommand{\sSet}{\simplicial{\Set}} % simplicial sets \newcommand{\sSet}{\simplicial{\Set}} % simplicial sets
\newcommand{\Mod}[1]{\cat{{#1}Mod}} % modules over a ring \newcommand{\Mod}[1]{\cat{{#1}Mod}} % modules over a ring

3
thesis/style.tex

@ -7,3 +7,6 @@
% no indent, but vertical spacing % no indent, but vertical spacing
\usepackage[parfill]{parskip} \usepackage[parfill]{parskip}
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{2cm} \setlength{\marginparwidth}{2cm}
% skip subsections in toc
\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}

10
thesis/thesis.tex

@ -9,7 +9,13 @@
\begin{document} \begin{document}
\maketitle \maketitle
\begin{center}
{\bf \today}
\end{center}
\vspace{2cm}
\tableofcontents \tableofcontents
\vspace{2cm}
Some general notation: \todo{leave this out, or define somewhere else?} Some general notation: \todo{leave this out, or define somewhere else?}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
@ -17,9 +23,7 @@ Some general notation: \todo{leave this out, or define somewhere else?}
\item $\Hom_\cat{C}(A, B)$ will denote the set of maps from $A$ to $B$ in the category $\cat{C}$. \item $\Hom_\cat{C}(A, B)$ will denote the set of maps from $A$ to $B$ in the category $\cat{C}$.
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\vspace{1cm} \newcommand{\myinput}[1]{\include{#1}}
\newcommand{\myinput}[1]{\input{#1} \vspace{2cm}}
\myinput{notes/Algebra} \myinput{notes/Algebra}
\myinput{notes/Free_CDGA} \myinput{notes/Free_CDGA}